Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,Cor D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)

　　The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.__1__ homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly _____2____. To help homeless people _____3___ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,_____4_____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing._____5____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates ____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. _____7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is_____8____, one of the federal government’s studies _____9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.

　　Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.___11__when homeless individuals manage to find a ___12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street, Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others,____14____not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives _____16__.Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are_17___programs that address the many needs of the homeless. _____18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,___19__it. “There has to be _____20___of programs. What we need is a package deal.”

　　1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore

　　2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain

　　3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward

　　4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep

　　5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not

　　6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ

　　7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that

　　8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending

　　9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers

　　10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss

　　11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only

　　12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house

　　13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering

　　14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas

　　15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance

　　16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up

　　17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating

　　18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus

　　19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes

　　20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination

一、完型填空參考譯文：

　　無家可歸者占美國人口的比例越來越大。而且，無家可歸者已經(jīng)增加了地方政府都無法應(yīng)對的地步。為了幫助無家可歸者走向獨(dú)立，聯(lián)邦政府必須支持就業(yè)培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目、提高最低工資并資助建設(shè)更多低價(jià)住房。美國到底有多少無家可歸者大家的意見并不一致，估計(jì)是在60萬到300萬之間。盡管人們估計(jì)的數(shù)字可能各不相同，分析家們對另外一個(gè)問題的意見的確是一致的：無家可歸者的數(shù)量正在增長。聯(lián)邦政府的一項(xiàng)研究預(yù)測，在本十年結(jié)束之前，無家可歸者的數(shù)量將接近1900萬。

　　想辦法幫助這些越來越多的無家可歸者任務(wù)越來越艱巨。即使無家可歸者找到了住處，白天有三餐，晚上能安眠，還是會有很多人每天大部分時(shí)間流落街頭。部分問題是，許多無家可歸的成年人都是酒鬼或者癮君子；而相當(dāng)多的無家可歸者患有嚴(yán)重的精神?。贿€有許多人雖然不喝酒吸毒，精神也正常，但就是沒有使自己翻身的基本生活能力。《波士頓環(huán)球日報(bào)》記者克里斯.雷迪認(rèn)為只有通過全面規(guī)劃來解決這些無家可歸者的各種需求，這種局面才有可能得到改善。用馬塞諸塞州本特里學(xué)院社區(qū)服務(wù)部主任愛德華.布羅特科瓦斯克的話來說就是：“各種規(guī)劃必須協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)行，我們需要的是一籃子計(jì)劃?！?/P>

　　二、參考答案及要點(diǎn)分析：

　　1. D.本句接第一句。前句說無家可歸者的比例越來越大，接下來的這句話表示遞進(jìn)，所以選furthermore。A選項(xiàng)表示“的確”，B選項(xiàng)likewise意思為“同理，同樣”，C選項(xiàng)therefore表示因果關(guān)系，三個(gè)錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)干擾性最大的是A選項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閺倪壿嬌蟻矸治觯脒x的可能也很大，但相比之下遞進(jìn)的意思更符合邏輯。難度：☆☆☆☆

　　2. B 這里表示第一句中提到的問題已經(jīng)讓地方政府無法應(yīng)付了，因此選擇cope(應(yīng)付，應(yīng)對)。A選項(xiàng)stand表示“容忍”，C選項(xiàng)approve表示“同意”，D選項(xiàng)retain表示“保留”，均不合題意。難度：☆☆

　　3. D 本句表示“幫助無家可歸的人走向獨(dú)立”，故選擇toward。本題的干擾項(xiàng)是C選項(xiàng)的with。雖然我們學(xué)過to help sb. with…這樣的句型，但該句型表示的是“幫助某人做/學(xué)什么”的意思，如help me with my English(幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語)，help me with my exercises(幫助我做作業(yè))。難度：☆☆☆

　　4. A 這里表示“提高最低工資待遇”，只有當(dāng)人們能夠掙到更多的錢，無家可歸的人才會減少，故選raise。干擾項(xiàng)是B選項(xiàng)add。雖然add也表示增加，但當(dāng)表達(dá)提高工資時(shí)，我們使用raise，而不用add。難度：☆

　　5. D 本題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)generally和B選項(xiàng)almost表示肯定含義，C選項(xiàng)hardly和D選項(xiàng)not表示否定。根據(jù)上下文，本句說的是“并非每個(gè)人都同意”，所以排除A和B。同時(shí)，hardly只能與anyone等詞搭配，表示“幾乎沒有任何人”，不能與everyone搭配，故正確答案為not。Not everyone agrees…表示“不是每個(gè)人都同意……”的意思。難度：☆

　　6. C 本句意思為“估計(jì)數(shù)字的范圍大約從60萬到300萬之間”，使用range from…to…的句型。干擾項(xiàng)是A選項(xiàng)的cover，但cover表示“覆蓋”，不表示范圍。D選項(xiàng)differ主要強(qiáng)調(diào)不同，而本句并未強(qiáng)調(diào)不同，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)范圍，故選擇range。難度：☆☆☆

　　7. B 根據(jù)后文，本句表達(dá)的是讓步意義，即，“雖然對這一數(shù)字人們意見不一，但人們卻都同意另外一個(gè)事實(shí)”，因此選擇although。其余選項(xiàng)不合題意。難度：☆

　　8. C 本題為詞匯辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都表達(dá)“增加，擴(kuò)張”的含義，但由于本句主語為the number，因此只能搭配increase。A選項(xiàng)inflate表示“膨脹”，B選項(xiàng)expand表示“在面積上擴(kuò)張”，D選項(xiàng)extend表示“在長度上延伸”。難度：☆

　　9. A 本句表示的是“預(yù)測”，故選擇predict。D選項(xiàng)的discover為干擾項(xiàng)，從漢語的角度似乎說得通，即，“研究發(fā)現(xiàn)……”，然而，若說“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，后邊的賓語從句只能使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，如發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)什么規(guī)律等，但本句后邊使用的是將來時(shí)，所以只能理解為“預(yù)測”。難度：☆☆

　　10. A 本題比較難， A選項(xiàng)的assist表示“幫助”，B選項(xiàng)的track表示“跟蹤”；C選項(xiàng)的sustain表示“維持，使……繼續(xù)活下去”；D選項(xiàng)的dismiss表示“解散，讓……離開”。從全段來看，后面主要講如何維持住這些無家可歸者們的穩(wěn)定，不僅要給他們吃住，還要解決他們其他一系列的問題，這就暗示前面的主題句講的是幫助無家可歸者，此外，從與名詞population的搭配來看，也只有A選項(xiàng)最合適。難度：☆☆☆☆☆

　　11. C 根據(jù)題意，本句是讓步的意思，“即使當(dāng)他們有吃有住，他們?nèi)匀粫?，所以選擇C選項(xiàng)的even。難度：☆☆

　　12. B 本題為詞匯辨析題。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都有“住房”、“住處”的意思，但B選項(xiàng)的shelter除了表示“藏身處”之外，還有“保護(hù)”的意思，而下文明顯有此含義，故選擇B。難度：☆☆☆☆

　　13. D 本題同樣為詞匯辨析題，主要要區(qū)分B選項(xiàng)stroll和D選項(xiàng)wander。Stroll表示“閑逛，悠閑地散步”，而wander則表示“徘徊，亂逛”的意思，很明顯，wander更符合題意。難度：☆☆

　　14. C 本句表達(dá)讓步，“雖然許多人……，但是……”，可以使用although/though，但選項(xiàng)中并未提供這兩個(gè)詞，但我們知道while也可以用來表達(dá)although的意思，故選擇C選項(xiàng)的while。難度：☆☆

　　15. A 本題主要是區(qū)分life skills和survival skills，前者表示“生活能力”，后者表示“生存技能”，由于文章討論無家可歸者的基本生活問題，故應(yīng)選擇A選項(xiàng)。難度：☆☆☆

　　16. A 本題為詞組搭配。Turn around表示“轉(zhuǎn)過身”，turn on表示“打開”等意思，turn up表示“出現(xiàn)”等意思，turn over表示“翻轉(zhuǎn)”。本句意思應(yīng)該為“他們?nèi)狈ι婕寄軄砀淖冏约旱纳睢?，也就是說將生活“翻轉(zhuǎn)”，故選擇A選項(xiàng)的turn around。難度：☆☆☆☆

　　17. B 本句題意為“全面的規(guī)劃”，所以用B選項(xiàng)的comprehensive。A選項(xiàng)complex強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)雜性；C選項(xiàng)complementary強(qiáng)調(diào)互補(bǔ)性；D選項(xiàng)compensating強(qiáng)調(diào)補(bǔ)償性，所以均不合題意。難度：☆☆☆

　　18. C 難度：☆

　　19. A 本題和上題一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)句型：as sb. puts it，意思為“正如……說的那樣”。故18題選擇C選項(xiàng)的as，19題選擇A選項(xiàng)的puts。難度：☆

　　20. D 本句強(qiáng)調(diào)各種計(jì)劃中的協(xié)同，故選擇D 選項(xiàng)的coordination。A選項(xiàng)的supervision意思為“監(jiān)督，管理”，B選項(xiàng)的manipulation意思為“操縱”，C選項(xiàng)的regulation意思為“調(diào)節(jié)，校準(zhǔn)”，均不合題意。難度：☆☆☆☆

　　三、試題分析：

　　應(yīng)該說，本年度的“英語知識應(yīng)用”題難度比較適中，與2004、2005年相比并沒有提升難度。下表是2002-2006年“英語知識應(yīng)用”題的相關(guān)比較。

　　和往年相比，2006年篇幅減少，但句子難度并沒有提高，文章的主題表述也很清晰，也就是說，考生比較容易弄懂文章大部分內(nèi)容。但有一個(gè)比較明顯的變化就是，詞匯辨析題增加了數(shù)量和難度。這樣就需要考生不僅要明白文章的大體內(nèi)容，還要在細(xì)節(jié)地方更精準(zhǔn)地理解原文意思，然后通過詞匯辨析選擇出最佳答案。這無疑為考生提出了更大的挑戰(zhàn)。下面舉第6題為例說明：

　　Not everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates____6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.

　　[A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ

　　本題就需要考生仔細(xì)辨析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的含義，然后結(jié)合上下文進(jìn)行選擇。應(yīng)該說，A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)后可以跟這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)：change / range / differ from A to B，如：

　　This newspaper covers everything domestic news to financial situation.

　　It’s hard to adapt oneself to the change from a student to a teacher.

　　There are 40 students in the class, with their age ranging from 25 to 35.

　　Opinions differ from person to person.

　　但從上四句可以看出，只有range from A to B這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)才表示什么東西在某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)變化，cover強(qiáng)調(diào)覆蓋面積，change強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)變化，differ強(qiáng)調(diào)差異。而原文明顯提到了一個(gè)范圍：從60萬到300萬，因此只能選擇range。

Section II Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)

　　Text 1

　　In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption “l(fā)aunched by the 19th –century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.

　　Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.

　　The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well” or “very well” after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a graveyard” for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.

　　Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.

　　Rodriguez not that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”

　　Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social induces suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.

　　21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means

　　A. identifying B. associating C. assimilating D. monopolizing

　　22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century

　　A.played a role in the spread of popular culture.

　　B.became intimate shops for common consumers.

　　C.satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.

　　D.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.

　　23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.

　　A.are resistant to homogenization.

　　B.exert a great influence on American culture.

　　C.are hardly a threat to the common culture.

　　D.constitute the majority of the population.

　　24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

　　A. To prove their popularity around the world.

　　B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.

　　C. To give examples of successful immigrants.

　　D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.

　　25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is

　　A. rewardingB. successfulC. fruitlessD. harmful

　　Text 2

　　Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry—William Shakespeare—but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.

　　The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.

　　The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the ESC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.

　　The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.

　　Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

　　It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)---lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing—room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.

　　Text 3

　　When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.

　　That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.

　　Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.

　　Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.

　　31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that

　　A. large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment.

　　B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.

　　C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.

　　D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

　　32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that

　　A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.

　　B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.

　　C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.

　　D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.

　　33. By saying these figures are conservative (Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that

　　A. fishing technology has improved rapidly

　　B. then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded

　　C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss

　　D. the data collected so far are out of date.

　　34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that

　　A. people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time.

　　B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass

　　C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.

　　D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation

　　35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’

　　A.management efficiency

　　B.biomass level

　　C.catch-size limits

　　D.technological application.

　　Text 4

　　Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this: artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.

　　This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil.

　　You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.

　　After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.

　　People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.

　　Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda--to lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.

　　What we forget--what our economy depends on is forgetting--is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.

　　36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that

　　A. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.

　　B. Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling.

　　C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness.

　　D. Artist have changed their focus of interest.

　　37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something

　　A. religiousB. unpleasant C. entertaining D. commercial

　　38.In the author’s opinion, advertising

　　A.emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part.

　　B.is a cause of disappointment for the general peer

　　C.replace the church as a major source of information

　　D.creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.

　　39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes

　　A.Happiness more often than not ends in sadness.

　　B.The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing.

　　C.Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.

　　D.The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms

　　40.Which of the following is true of the text?

　　A.Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.

　　B.Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.

　　C.People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.

　　D.mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.

　　Part B

　　Directions:

　　In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.

　　He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls electronic morphine. (41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat locked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.

　　In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gamblers. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a” cease admissions” letter noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety have to his safety or well-being. (42) ______________.

　　The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to ”love” him to “engage in conduct against his will” well. (43) ______________.

　　The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of taking risks in quest of a windfall, (44) ______________.Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities. (45) ______________.

　　Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on --you might say --addicted to--revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of NEWSWEEK reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.

　　(A). Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.

　　(B). It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

　　(C). By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.

　　(D). Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.

　　(E). David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.

　　(F). It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

　　(G). The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?

　　Part C

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Our translation should be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)

　　Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.

　　First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底) way about moral problems .He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --- the average scientist for one 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties.--- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.

　　The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment .This description even fits the majority eminent scholars .“Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in public and industrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say ,“is something else.”

一、總體評價(jià)

　　1.內(nèi)容

　　這次考試的四篇文章分別涉及了美國文化中的同化(homogenizing/assimilation)、莎士比亞故居的旅游、海洋魚類的過量捕撈和憂愁的藝術(shù)(the art of unhappiness)等內(nèi)容，都是時(shí)效性較強(qiáng)的問題，尤其是后兩篇。難度按從易到難的順序排列，第一篇最容易，第四篇最難。

　　2.文章來源

　　這些文章既然時(shí)效性較強(qiáng)，一般就屬于時(shí)文。我過去講課時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)幾種要閱讀的雜志，如The Economist, Newsweek, Time等，并且指出其中400-500詞或較易刪改為如此長度的文章是閱讀重點(diǎn)，這些說法在這次考試中又得到了驗(yàn)證。如，第三篇選自The Economist 2003年5月15日的文章Ocean’s eleventh hour?，原文共679詞，經(jīng)過刪改變?yōu)榭荚嚂r(shí)的文章。第四篇選自Time 2005年1月17日的文章The Art of Unhappiness，原文共841詞，經(jīng)過刪改變?yōu)榭荚嚂r(shí)的文章。

　　3.生詞與難句

　　文章中存在個(gè)別生詞，但生詞總量未超綱，而且這些生詞根據(jù)上下文可以推出意思，并不影響理解和做題。難句不多，第三篇文章多些。

　　二、試題分析

　　1.總評價(jià)

　　閱讀部分難度與2005年基本持平，但第四篇文章偏難，主要是涉及人文的內(nèi)容較多。假如平均分為50分左右，那么這一部分的平均得分約為18-20分。

　　2.題型

　　這次考試題型并不復(fù)雜，主要涉及詞匯題(21、37)、句子意思題(33)、例證題(24、31、36)、態(tài)度題(25)、細(xì)節(jié)題(如22)等，其中例證題和細(xì)節(jié)題較多，需要細(xì)心閱讀和定位原文。最后一篇文章是一篇人文文章，閱讀時(shí)要注意作者的態(tài)度。以第一篇文章為例。第一篇文章的答案為CACDA。具體做題思路如下：

　　第一題，21題，是個(gè)詞匯題，根據(jù)原文首句的上下文就能確定答案是C，因?yàn)樵氖拙溟_始的in spite of表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，就是說homogenizing與前面的 difference在上下文中構(gòu)成反義詞，在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能與difference構(gòu)成反義詞的只有assimilate。當(dāng)然從后文也能看出文章中的重要詞assimilate是homogenizing的同義詞。有的同學(xué)根據(jù)詞根homo表示“相同”的意思選C也是對的。37題的bummer根據(jù)上文的對于“不幸”的描寫，也能選到B“令人不快的”。

　　第二種題，22題，是細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)其中的關(guān)鍵詞department stores of the 19th century定位一段，再根據(jù)原文排除可以推出A是對的。注意D顛倒了因果關(guān)系。

　　第三題，23題，是個(gè)簡單的推理題。問題問文中暗示現(xiàn)在美國的移民如何？2段首句的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)not…but就告訴了我們現(xiàn)在美國移民的特點(diǎn)：能融入共同文化(common culture)，表達(dá)這一意思的選項(xiàng)只有C。

　　第四題，24題，答案比較明顯，應(yīng)該是D，也就是說舉這兩個(gè)人為例是為了說明美國文化的巨大影響。

　　第四篇文章較難理解，其大意是“美國人一向追求幸福。過去人們‘累得筋疲力盡，生活幾無保障，年紀(jì)輕輕就命喪黃泉的悲苦境地’，而今天面對著“快樂得讓人無法忍受的商業(yè)文化”時(shí)，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)抓到手的幸福令人隱約不快。當(dāng)人們終于記起：幸福遠(yuǎn)不止是沒有痛苦的快樂時(shí)，才發(fā)現(xiàn)憂愁的藝術(shù)盡管苦澀，卻帶來一股令其頭腦清醒的清新氣息”。過去有宗教告訴我們?nèi)擞胁恍遥缃竦纳虡I(yè)文化卻只宣傳幸福，作者對此不滿。有些問題提示如下：

　　36題是個(gè)例證題，問提到兩位詩人的目何在。原文舉這兩位詩人是為了說明藝術(shù)家的轉(zhuǎn)變：過去描述幸福，后來描述不幸。因此B為正確答案。

　　37題已在前面說過。

　　38題，由原文可知，如今的廣告給人造成幸福的幻覺，而非真的幸福，那么D為正確答案。

　　39題，根據(jù)文章最后可以推出作者覺得那些宣揚(yáng)不幸的藝術(shù)令人不快(distasteful)，但是令人有清新之感(refreshing)，因此答案為C。

　　40題，由文中可知，宗教在過去提醒人們苦難的存在，如今宣傳不幸的藝術(shù)起著同樣的作用。A說到了宗教的這一作用，為正確答案。

　　由上面的解說可以看出，今年的閱讀理解題的難度與去年差不多，只要能夠把我們過去講的一些做題方法吃透，再加上較扎實(shí)的詞匯基礎(chǔ)和閱讀能力，得一個(gè)自己滿意的分?jǐn)?shù)不是太難。祝大家閱讀部分和整個(gè)考研英語考出理想的分?jǐn)?shù)！

考研新題型與翻譯主講

　　北京新航道學(xué)校四級聽力主講，七選五新題型主講，英語語言文學(xué)專業(yè)碩士，北京電影學(xué)院英語講師。原新東方四級聽力課程主講，另兼任外研社項(xiàng)目編輯，發(fā)表《文字：思維的鏡像》、《中國翻譯研究的美學(xué)情結(jié)》等作品，出版《英語名言諺語集錦》、《大學(xué)英語一考通：四、六級口語》等專著，教學(xué)認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)，授課慧口吐玉，善于總結(jié)歸納，充滿激情。

　　一、今年7選5題型的整體分析

　　總的來說，今年的7選5題型比去年簡單。今年的考題是關(guān)于“賭博”這個(gè)社會問題的討論的，文章從生動(dòng)鮮明的實(shí)例引入，繼而談到各大媒體對這個(gè)問題的反應(yīng)和討論，是非常鮮明的西方報(bào)刊雜志的文章的風(fēng)格，對于經(jīng)常閱讀英文報(bào)刊雜志的同學(xué)，這樣的文章其實(shí)并不難上手。

　　同時(shí)，不可質(zhì)疑的是，今年的考題不僅僅強(qiáng)調(diào)了考生的詞匯量問題，而且從更深一步強(qiáng)調(diào)了考生對于西方文化的理解。文中casino一詞，就帶有鮮明的西方文化特征，表示“賭場”。很多同學(xué)熟悉gamble一詞，但是對于casino并不見得了解。這個(gè)單詞原本是意大利語，是 casa的小字尾“房屋”，而其本身也來自于拉丁語 casa，意思是“村舍、小屋、茅屋。”最起初，這個(gè)詞專門用來指一所鄉(xiāng)間房屋，后來逐漸演變成用來指一個(gè)社交聚會場所，人們可以在那里跳舞、聽音樂和賭博。而隨著時(shí)代發(fā)展，賭博這種娛樂的地位似乎已在其他娛樂之上，于是它開始有了“賭場”的含義。而現(xiàn)在，這個(gè)意大利詞的這些意義都已被借用到英語中；“社交聚會場所”這層意思在18世紀(jì)首次被記錄下來，“賭場”的含義在1851年被首次記錄下來。在西方，標(biāo)有casino的地方幾乎每個(gè)大城市都隨處可見，而casino這樣的賭博場所給人們帶來的問題也越來越明顯，于是就有了關(guān)于casino的討論。隨著因特網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)，方便快捷的在線casino也越來越盛行，在google上搜索一下“casino”，你可以找到無數(shù)的casino online。對于考生來說，學(xué)習(xí)英語的同時(shí)熟悉英語國家的文化是非常重要的一方面，這也是今年考題出題的一個(gè)很明顯的趨勢，希望下年度要考研的同學(xué)注意。

　　除此以外，今年的考題還是要提醒同學(xué)們關(guān)于做題的具體的步驟。第一步：讀首句，明大意。弄明白文章的大意，在答題的時(shí)候牢牢扣住文章的主旨，心中如果能牢記文章主旨，答題時(shí)就能做到有條不紊。第二步：觀選項(xiàng)，找特征。文章大意明了后，一定要沉下心來仔細(xì)觀察選項(xiàng)，千萬不能馬虎，把文章的銜接和連貫的手段，比方說人稱代詞、指示代詞、連接詞、復(fù)現(xiàn)同現(xiàn)這些詞語標(biāo)記出來。第三步：看前后，抓線索。觀察完選項(xiàng)后，再回到原文定位，抓住空前空后的句子，鎖定目標(biāo)答案的特征。第四步：查全文，對答案。這一條指的是最后用代入法通讀全文，檢查答案是不是很合理。如果同學(xué)們能遵照這四步答題，那么其實(shí)文章很容易抓住線索來答題。

　　另外，由于2005年考綱上公布的新題型有三種，所以很多同學(xué)在復(fù)習(xí)準(zhǔn)備時(shí)就茫然不知所措，其實(shí)這三種題型說到底是萬變不離其宗的，都是考察文章的銜接與連貫，而七選五題型是這三種題型的基本題型，做好了七選五題型，其它兩種也迎刃而解，這一點(diǎn)我上課的時(shí)候也曾經(jīng)說到過，所以今年繼續(xù)考察七選五，不應(yīng)該出乎同學(xué)們的意料之外。

　　二、今年7選5題型的具體分析

　　拿到文章以后，先不要急著做，要先觀察一下。看看41考段中，42考段尾，43考段落，44考段中，45考段尾。

　　1、讀首句，明大意

　　文章第一段的文字簡單，用一個(gè)實(shí)例引出了文章的討論內(nèi)容。首段提到：“Williams在賭場里賭了好幾年，他每年通過賭博賺進(jìn)$35，000， 但是輸?shù)舻膮s是$175，000。他開始賭博是因?yàn)橘€場曾經(jīng)送給他一張價(jià)值$20的優(yōu)惠券?！焙苊黠@，文章提到的肯定是關(guān)于賭博的問題，而且Williams在賭場里贏少輸多，那么賭博顯然不是件好事情，給Williams帶來的痛苦。而Williams開始賭博是因?yàn)槟菑垉?yōu)惠券，那么顯示是賭場有意誘導(dǎo)了Williams這種意志薄弱的人進(jìn)行賭博。談?wù)撡€博的方方面面，尤其是賭博的危害性是文章的討論重點(diǎn)，考生在做題前一定要心中有數(shù)。

　　2、觀選項(xiàng)，找特征

　　可以先掃描一下選項(xiàng)，把每個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的特征詞，如數(shù)詞、連接詞、代詞等劃出來。同時(shí)，要明確每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的大意。

　　(A).Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.

　　注意到轉(zhuǎn)折連詞although，那么表明此選項(xiàng)如果入選，和前文必然存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。而such evidence一詞表明此選項(xiàng)如果入選，前文必然提到某種evidence。另外，一定要注意the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings一句中的continue一詞。這句話的意思是說“casino的市場部繼續(xù)給他大量寫信”，那么很明顯，如果此選項(xiàng)入選，前文必然曾經(jīng)提到casino給他寫信。當(dāng)然，該選項(xiàng)的最后一句提到了his Fun Card這個(gè)專有名詞，那么此選項(xiàng)如果入選，前文肯定曾經(jīng)提到過Fun Card，并對之做出過相應(yīng)介紹。

　　(B). It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?

　　這個(gè)選項(xiàng)很短，由兩個(gè)問句組成。選項(xiàng)說“尚不清楚是什么樣子的誘惑導(dǎo)致了他的所謂不情愿的行為，也尚不清楚他自己的意愿究竟如何?！庇捎谶x項(xiàng)短，可以很清楚的知道選項(xiàng)的大意。那么，如果此選項(xiàng)入選，前文肯定曾經(jīng)提到有什么誘惑導(dǎo)致了他的所謂不情愿的行為，也肯定曾經(jīng)提到過所謂的他自己的意愿。這些詞都可以作為標(biāo)志詞劃出來。

　　(C).By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.

　　這個(gè)選項(xiàng)中最明顯的特征詞當(dāng)然是數(shù)詞，考生需要把數(shù)詞全部劃下來。選項(xiàng)意為“在他輸?shù)?5，000的時(shí)候，他對自己說，如果把輸?shù)舻内A回來他就收手了。一個(gè)晚上他確實(shí)贏了$5，500，但是他并沒有收手”。很明顯，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)仍然提到Williams賭博的過程。

　　(D).Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.

　　這個(gè)選項(xiàng)提到：“賭博現(xiàn)在是美國人生活中很常見的事情了，但是很長時(shí)間一來，賭博其實(shí)都被視為是犯罪或社會問題。其實(shí)美國賭博的最重要和最積極的推進(jìn)者是美國政府”。這個(gè)選項(xiàng)中直接提到了美國政府在美國人賭博習(xí)慣中所扮演的角色，這點(diǎn)要牢記。

　　(E).David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.

　　這個(gè)選項(xiàng)只有一句話，提到“Williams的個(gè)案可能會給這個(gè)賭博成性的國家?guī)碛绊?，給人們的賭博生涯帶來麻煩，但是也不一定”。其實(shí)比較明顯的是，這個(gè)選項(xiàng)屬于總結(jié)類型的句子，總結(jié)說明Williams的案例給美國社會帶來的可能結(jié)果。而且考生還要注意到trouble this gambling nation中this這個(gè)指示代詞，這個(gè)詞語表明，如果這個(gè)選項(xiàng)入選，前面肯定曾經(jīng)描述過這個(gè)國家的賭博情況。

　　(F). It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.

　　這個(gè)選項(xiàng)說“令人不安的是，社會現(xiàn)在正在用醫(yī)學(xué)方法處理越來越多的這樣的行為問題，尤其是對以前的東西上癮的問題，更加不客氣的說，其實(shí)這是一個(gè)意志力薄弱的問題”。注意medicalize一詞，表示“用醫(yī)學(xué)方法處理(非醫(yī)學(xué)問題等)”。還要注意的是，如果這個(gè)選項(xiàng)入選，前文肯定提到過用醫(yī)學(xué)方法來處理行為問題，而這樣的醫(yī)治方法越來越盛行，所以才令人不安。

　　(G). The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?

　　這個(gè)選項(xiàng)提到了online gambling(在線賭博)的問題。那么什么是在線賭博？在線賭博的危害是什么？如果這個(gè)選項(xiàng)入選，前面應(yīng)該要有介紹。

　　3、看前后，抓線索

　　41空：

　　此空為段中題。

　　空前文字說的是Willliams的賭博經(jīng)歷。提到了一些數(shù)詞，作為特征詞，考生應(yīng)該注意。初次賭博，他輸?shù)袅速€場贈(zèng)送的20美元優(yōu)惠券。第二次賭博，輸?shù)袅?00美元。然后賭場又搞活動(dòng)，送他一張F(tuán)un Card，可以用這張卡在賭場賭博時(shí)刷卡吃免費(fèi)餐，喝免費(fèi)飲料，同時(shí)也記錄他的賭博活動(dòng)。而且Williams后來認(rèn)為這些活動(dòng)簡直就是“電子嗎啡”。

　　空后文字繼續(xù)說Williams的賭博活動(dòng)，同時(shí)也提到了一些列數(shù)字。那么根據(jù)同現(xiàn)復(fù)現(xiàn)原則，毫無疑問，41空也會提到Williams的賭博經(jīng)歷，而且很可能出現(xiàn)數(shù)字。很明顯，只有選項(xiàng)C符合，所以41空很快選C。

　　42空：

　　此空為段尾題。

　　對于段尾題，當(dāng)然要牢牢抓住空前文字?？涨拔淖痔岬剑琖illiams的一個(gè)朋友后來把他送到了一個(gè)治療中心去治療賭癮，還寫信給Casino告知這件事情。Casino作出的反應(yīng)是，把Williams列入禁止賭博人員的名單，同時(shí)給他寫信說明賭博對身心的危害，信中還提到，在Williams重新入會之前，賭場不會對其人身財(cái)產(chǎn)做出威脅。比較明顯的是，空前文字反復(fù)提到了寫信一事，選項(xiàng)中只有A提到了“casino的市場部繼續(xù)給他大量寫信”。42空選A。

　　43空：

　　此空為段落題。

　　空前文字提到“Williams提出指控，Casino明明知道他無可救藥的迷戀上賭博，還故意引誘他從事違背他意愿的活動(dòng)”。注意空前文字中的 “l(fā)ure”和“will”兩詞，在這里分別表示“誘惑”和“意愿”。考生應(yīng)該很快能想到選項(xiàng)B，前面提到過，如果B選項(xiàng)入選，前文肯定曾經(jīng)提到有什么誘惑導(dǎo)致了他的所謂不情愿的行為，也肯定曾經(jīng)提到過所謂的他自己的意愿，所以43空選B。

　　44空：

　　此空為段中題。

　　空前文字提到一家醫(yī)學(xué)雜志提到的“病態(tài)賭博”的概念，從醫(yī)學(xué)角度來談賭博。如果仔細(xì)分析過選項(xiàng)，考生應(yīng)該很快能想到選項(xiàng)F，前面已經(jīng)提到過，如果F選項(xiàng)入選，前文肯定提到過用醫(yī)學(xué)方法來處理所謂行為問題，如賭博，而這樣的醫(yī)治方法越來越盛行，所以才令人不安，那么F選項(xiàng)放在這里最合適，所以44空選F。

　　45空：

　　此空為段尾題。

　　空前提到，“由于科學(xué)的推動(dòng)，社會正在把這種行為重新歸類。 曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為性格缺陷和道德敗壞，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)被劃為了病態(tài)人格的范疇，與生理殘障類似”。

　　空后文字提到，美國有44個(gè)州有彩票活動(dòng)，29個(gè)州有賭場，而且大多數(shù)州在不同程度上依靠這些賭博活動(dòng)獲得稅收。繼而引入了網(wǎng)上賭博的概念，第一個(gè)賭博網(wǎng)的創(chuàng)立時(shí)間，網(wǎng)上賭博的發(fā)展等等。

　　現(xiàn)在還剩下D/E/G三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。我們來觀察一下這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

　　前面提到過， G提到的是online gambling(在線賭博)的問題。那么什么是在線賭博？在線賭博的危害是什么？如果G入選，前面應(yīng)該要有介紹。很明顯，45空在空后才初次引入網(wǎng)上賭博的概念，所以45空不能選G，G應(yīng)該在文章最后一段后面出現(xiàn)比較合適。

　　E提到Williams的個(gè)案可能會給這個(gè)賭博成性的國家?guī)碛绊?，給人們的賭博生涯帶來麻煩，但是也不一定。如果這個(gè)選項(xiàng)入選，前面肯定曾經(jīng)描述過這個(gè)國家的賭博情況。很明顯，這個(gè)國家的賭博情況，比如有每個(gè)州的賭博狀況等等問題是在45空空后提到的，E選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在文章最后才合適，所以45空不能選E。

　　D直接提到了美國政府在美國人賭博習(xí)慣中所扮演的角色。而45空空后文字提到了政府之所以這樣做主要是因?yàn)橐獜馁€博活動(dòng)中取得稅收，所以D選項(xiàng)承上啟下，45空應(yīng)該選D。

　　4、察全文，對答案

　　把選項(xiàng)代進(jìn)去，看看是不是合適。這一步主要是看意思是否相連，是否這是一篇完整的文章。文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)是否清楚。

　　本文是一篇很典型的報(bào)刊雜志評論文章，以事例提出論點(diǎn)，以各方媒體的評論展開論證。

　　總的來說，文章難度不是很大，主要是抓住主旨，把握線索，保持清醒的頭腦和敏銳的思維。希望大家考出來好成績，也希望大家能夠進(jìn)入自己的理想學(xué)校。

考研翻譯主講

　　北京師范大學(xué)翻譯學(xué)碩士，英語副教授，20年的英語教學(xué)與翻譯經(jīng)驗(yàn)，多次被評為優(yōu)秀教師。出版著、譯作十余部，擔(dān)任過新華社、《英語世界》特約撰稿人和審校人，在《中國翻譯》等國家級專業(yè)雜志上發(fā)表的論文在學(xué)術(shù)界引起強(qiáng)烈反響。1997年開始從事考研輔導(dǎo)，對考研英語有深入獨(dú)到的研究并獨(dú)創(chuàng)“四步定位翻譯法”，得到學(xué)生高度認(rèn)可。

　　一、真題與參考譯文：

　　46. I shall define him as an individual /who has elected /as his primary duty and pleasure in life /the activity of thinking in Socratic(蘇格拉底) way /about moral problems.

　　〔參考譯文〕我會把知識分子定義為這樣的人：他把用蘇格拉底方式思考道德問題作為人生的主要任務(wù)和樂趣。

　　47.His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

　　〔參考譯文〕知識分子的作用與法官相似，他必須接受一種義務(wù)，那就是在盡可能清楚的事情中揭示導(dǎo)致其做出決定的推理過程。

　　48.I have excluded him /because, (while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, )he has not been charges with the task /of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems.

　　〔參考譯文〕我之所以把普通科學(xué)家排除在外，是因?yàn)楸M管他的成就可能有助于解決道德問題，但他還沒承擔(dān)起研究道德問題事實(shí)方面以外的任何責(zé)任。

　　49. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, /which governs his activity, /any more than a businessman is expected /to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.

　　〔參考譯文〕但是，普通科學(xué)家的主要任務(wù)并非思考指導(dǎo)其行為的道德規(guī)范，正如我們并不指望商人把精力投入到商業(yè)行為的探索一樣。

　　50. They may teach very well /and more than earn their salaries, /but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems /which involve moral judgment.

　　〔參考譯文〕知識分子可能很會教書，而且不僅僅是掙工資，但是他們大部分人對涉及道德判斷的人類問題很少或者根本不進(jìn)行獨(dú)立思考。

　　二、點(diǎn)評：

　　總的來講，2006年的翻譯難度適中，與近幾年的翻譯題沒有太大區(qū)別。下面我們具體看一看今年的重點(diǎn)、考點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)：

　　1.代詞每道題都有

　　2.定語從句只有第48題沒有

　　3.賓語后置較多

　　46題elected的賓語the activity of thinking

　　47題revealing的賓語the course of reasoning

　　4.考點(diǎn)重現(xiàn)較多

　　46題里的define…as曾經(jīng)在2003年底64題考過

　　46題和47題里的賓語后置在2003年底65題考過

　　47題的reasoning這個(gè)詞分別在1997年底75題、2003年底62題考過

　　48題的while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句在1999年第71題考過

　　49題的govern和conduct兩個(gè)詞都在2002年第64題考過

　　4.生詞較少、動(dòng)詞短語較多

　　唯一有難度的詞是47題的analogous(相似的，類似的)(analogy的派生詞)

　　48題有動(dòng)詞短語contribute to(有助于)、be charged with(擔(dān)負(fù)…責(zé)任)

　　49題有動(dòng)詞短語dedicate to(把(時(shí)間、精力等)用于)

　　50題有動(dòng)詞短語make reflections on(思考)

　　5.新的考點(diǎn)

　　48題的but=except(除…以外)

　　49題的not…any more than(不…，正如…不…一樣)

　　50題的more than(不僅僅)

Section III Writing

　　Part A

　　51. Directions:

　　You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.

　　Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

　　Part B

　　52. Directions:

　　Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should

　　1.describe the photos briefly,

　　2.interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and

　　3.give your point of view.

　　有兩幅圖片，圖1 把崇拜寫在臉上 圖2 花300元做“小貝頭”

　　注：Beckham 是英 國足球明星

　　有兩張照片，一張照片上有一位男士臉上寫著足球明星的名字，另一張照片上有一個(gè)男子在理發(fā)，他要求理發(fā)師為他設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)小貝克漢姆的發(fā)型。

一、應(yīng)用文寫作

　　To Whom It May Concern,

　　I am writing to ask you whether you could help me find a child in a remote area to whom I will offer my financial aid.

　　The candidate should be a girl at age 10 to 12 who is deprived of the opportunity to continue her education because of poverty. Her previous score reports should prove her potential to be an outstanding student in the future.

　　I would like to give the girl my financial support annually until she graduates from college. The money will cover her tuition fee and other expenses at school. Besides, I will correspond with her frequently so that she can seek advice whenever she needs.

　　I am looking forward to your reply.

　　Sincerely,

　　Li Ming

　　(125 words)

　　二、短文寫作

　　It goes without saying that the pictures reflect a common and serious problem in China—worship of celebrities among young people. In the left hand picture, a man has had David Beckham’s name written on his face. In the right hand picture, a man who is having a haircut asks his barber to cut his hair on the model of David Beckham, the popular British soccer star.

　　It is not uncommon for Chinese young people to have super stars as their idols. Most of them are fans of certain basketball players, football players, singers, actors and actresses at home and abroad. These fans not only watch the matches, TV serials and movies starring their heroes, but also pay a large sum of money to gain access to a live show, a concert and so on. Moreover, they imitate their idols in almost every aspect of their lives, such as their hair styles, glasses and clothes.

　　There is nothing wrong for one to have his own role model. However, if people adore the pop stars to the extent of losing self-control, they misunderstand the significance of popular culture. Anyway, popular culture is to enrich our life. Young people should learn how to live their own lives instead of blindly following others’ footsteps.