解題原則分析：

名詞主體論，動作決定論：文章以及段落都是由主題句和細(xì)節(jié)句構(gòu)成的。主題句表明段落或篇章的中心，細(xì)節(jié)句是為主題句而服務(wù)的。即，主題句指明段落及文章的方向，細(xì)節(jié)句則是支撐主題的具體事例，引語，統(tǒng)計，比喻或者實驗。同時，無論主題句還是細(xì)節(jié)句均由單詞組成：名詞表達(dá)主體，動詞確定趨勢，形容詞和副詞表示性質(zhì)。因此，把握文章每一個段落的中心思想無須透徹理解整個段落，段落中的名詞即可指明方向，確定主題，即，名詞主體論。主體名詞對應(yīng)的動作體現(xiàn)主語內(nèi)容和趨向，因此，準(zhǔn)確體現(xiàn)主題句動作的段落即為該主題句所對應(yīng)的段落，即，動作決定論。

解題步驟分析：

1、主題句的分析、提煉

 利用名詞主體論分析提煉供選擇主題句的主體名詞，同時提煉對應(yīng)的動作！

                                   主體名詞---對應(yīng)動作

[A] What to do as a student?            Student-----do something

[B] Various definitions of plagiarism      plagiarism-----definition

[C] Ideas should always be sourced       idea-----be sourced

[D] Ignorance can be forgiven           ignorance-----be forgiven

[E] Plagiarism is equivalent to theft       plagiarism-----theft

[F] The consequences of plagiarism       plagiarism-----consequence

2、段落主體及動作的把握

 利用選定段落中前兩句的主語名詞確定內(nèi)容方向，同時提煉對應(yīng)的動作。有時，動作體現(xiàn)在段落尾句中！

3、主題句與段落對應(yīng)選擇

 段落的主體名詞與供選主題句的主體名詞進(jìn)行對應(yīng)，縮小選項范圍；段落的動作與范圍內(nèi)的動作進(jìn)行對應(yīng)，準(zhǔn)確選擇答案！

41題對應(yīng)段落主體及動作來源于段落前兩句：The penalties for plagiarism vary from situation to situation. In many universities, the punishment may range from failure in a particular course to expulsion from the university.

主體名詞為：plagiarism

對應(yīng)動作為：failure in a particular course “不及格，掛科”, expulsion from university “開除”

對應(yīng)選項為：F

42題對應(yīng)段落主體及動作來源于段落前兩句：Students, as inexperienced scholars themselves, must avoid various types of plagiarism by being self-critical in their use of other scholars’ ideas and by giving appropriate credit for the source of borrowed ideas and words, otherwise dire consequences may occur.

主體名詞為：students

對應(yīng)動作為：avoid various kind of plagiarism “避免各種剽竊”，being self-critical “自我批評”

對應(yīng)選項為：A

43題對應(yīng)段落主體來源于段落前兩句,動作來源于段落尾句：Plagiarism by accident, or oversight，sometimes is the result of the writer’s inability to decide or remember where the idea came from. He may have read it long ago, heard it in a lecture since forgotten, or acquired it second-hand or third-hand from discussions with colleagues. …… Although this type of plagiarism must be guarded against, it is the least serious and, if lessons learned, can be exempt from being severely punished.

主體名詞為：plagiarism

對應(yīng)動作為：be guarded against “小心提防”，exempt from being severely punished“未被嚴(yán)厲懲罰”

對應(yīng)選項為：D

44題對應(yīng)段落主體及動作來源于段落前兩句：Plagiarism through ignorance is simply a way of saying that inexperienced writers often do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources. The techniques for documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing bibliography -- are easily learned and can prevent the writer from making unknowing mistakes or omissions in his references.

主體名詞為：plagiarism

對應(yīng)動作為：do not know how or when to acknowledge their sources “不知道信息來源”， documentation-note-taking, quoting, footnoting, listing “筆記，引用，腳注，列舉”

對應(yīng)選項為：C